Saturday, November 15, 2008

What Happened on Take Our Kids To Work Day?

Take Our Kids To Work Day is an an opportunity for grade nine students to see what their parents do. This year, my son Jeevan accompanied me in anticipation of what he called a "businessman's lunch". I planned a (slightly better than) typical day. 


I wanted Jeevan to see elite life insurance advisors with revenue of at least $1 million. Since there are many in downtown Toronto, I tried to arrange a presentation for in a prestigious office tower like Brookfield Place, First Canadian Place or Scotia Plaza. The timing didn't work out.

9:00am Left Home (Etobicoke)
We were both nicely dressed with shiny shoes. I normally arrange meetings after most of the morning traffic has passed. This saves travel time.

9:45am Meeting An Advisor (Markham)
We arrived on time to meet an advisor who asked for help with "10-8" Leveraging, which uses life insurance to magnify the benefits of financial leveraging while shrinking the risks. We were then meeting his client.

The advisor arrive late for no good reason --- around 10am. This is very rare. During our meeting, he kept jumping between topics. He also kept answering his phone, which is rude. That's not how you treat an invited guest. I avoid advisors who behave like that. I focus on advisors who apply the four habits of highly referrable people

My son got a gift which he better not use: a wine bottle opener.

11:40am Meeting A Client (Markham)
Although scheduled for 11 am, the client arrived 40 minutes late He brought his accountant. As discussions began, the client kept checking messages on his Blackberry. However, he became more engaged within a few minutes. Both he and the accountant asked thoughtful questions. They had seen proposals for 10-8 leveraging before. 

Although questions remained, we left around 12:10pm to keep on schedule. In the car, Jeevan said that he followed most of the discussions. He asked what "YRT" meant. It's short for Yearly Renewable Term, a type of insurance scale in which rates increase every year to mirror mortality rates. To minimize the costs, the death benefit decreases each year to the minimum that Canada Revenue Agency requires for tax-exempt status. Who would want this? Wealthy clients who want to maximize tax-sheltered growth by minimizing insurance charges. Typical deposits are $100,000 to $500,000 a year for three to five years. 

1:00pm Lunch With An Advisor (Oakville)
Where can you get root beer in bottles?

Most leading insurance advisors are in their late 50s or older. They prefer wine over root beer. I wanted Jeevan to see there are successful younger advisors too. So we had lunch with an advisor under age 30 who is part of a very successful team (mainly selling "10-8" leveraging). We all had root beer in bottles. 

3:30pm Harry Rosen (Mississauga)
We made a pit stop between appointments. Two of my Italian suits needed unusual repairs: one has a broken zipper (which I didn't notice until I was in Sudbury just before a group presentation) and the other has lining that came apart at the seams in a sleeve. This proves that things go wrong regardless of price. While there, I bought an overcoat from the broken zipper company, the triumph of hope over experience. Do we ever learn?

4:00pm IFB Summit (Toronto Airport)
To end the day, we went to Independent Financial Brokers Summit to see the final speaker: Heath Slawner on the Power of Persuasion. This was based on the eye-opening work of Dr. Robert Cialdini, who I've seen twice. We all need reminding. I wrote about the six universal principles of infuence earlier. 

6:00pm Heading Home
Even though everyone was leaving the parking lot at once, we were on time for Take Our Kids Home For Dinner.

Sunday, November 9, 2008

How An Actuary Invests

Many financial bloggers write about investing. Despite regular contact with investment advisors at different firms and access to other experts like fund managers, I keep my thoughts to myself. 

Months ago, a reporter for a major newspaper asked how I invested. I explained but my approach lacked pizazz. You can judge for yourself from the notes I prepared for the interview.

Occupation
Actuaries measure and manage risk. I focus on financial risks. Here are the four "obvious" ones
  1. living too long (longevity)
  2. dying too soon (mortality)
  3. getting sick (morbidity)
  4. getting disabled (disability)
A fifth risk often gets overlooked: overpaying taxes through ignorance or inertia (taxevity). Few realize how effective life insurance can be when properly structured.

Portfolio
Mainly mutual funds bought years ago. I use two investment advisors in London Ontario. I've never met them. I'd like to consolidate with one advisor in town but have not found the right person. Rather than investing more, we've focused on paying off our mortgage to increase cashflow for investing. On my own, I invest through universal life insurance, which allows tax-free growth like RRSPs (but without the restrictions on maximum deposits or forced withdrawals).

Start of Career
In 1984, I graduated from the actuarial science program at The University of Western Ontario. I worked at several major life insurance companies, starting with Metropolitan Life in Ottawa. I specialized in the design, manufacture and marketing of life & health insurance products. In mid-2005, I switched to a nontraditional actuarial role: helping advisors reduce the financial risks of their key clients. I donate time to help the general public by writing this blog. There is very little similar content online.

Start of Investing
My parents gave me a solid grounding in the importance of saving. As a child in the 1970s, I started putting money into a savings account and then GICs. My 14 year old son is following this pattern too. He likes compounding: your interest earns interest. 

Thanks to scholarships, summer jobs and support from my parents, I graduated from university debt-free in 1984. I started working and making maximum RRSP contributions. I found an investment advisor by walking into an investment firm (a reverse cold call) and began investing nonregistered savings in mutual funds. As a novice, I didn't realize that loads were negotiable. I got charged a hefty 9% up front. I didn't know that investment advisors got hidden perks like cruises. I thought my advisor had the training and obligation to put my interests first. When I smartened up, I switched to my family's investment advisor in London, ON. This new fellow advised me to buy "can't lose" shares, options and warrants. And lost. By the late 1980s, I decided to stick with mutual funds.

Investment Strategies
Unclear. Over the years, I have known many experts: investors, investment advisors, fund managers, etc. I see many different approaches to investing. Each has merits but they conflict. No one knows what's going to happen. For example, we knew that gas prices could only go up (diminishing supply, insatiable worldwide demand) but now gas has dropped below 90 cents a litre again. 

Emotion leads to bad decisions.  We're reluctant to sell and buy at the "right" times. Yet we get excited about investments and agitated by blips in the returns. Many want to "get rich quick". At the 2007 Real Estate and Wealth Expo in Toronto, audience members were enticed to buy foolproof investing secrets for $995 or more. It is better to learn investment basics, sow seeds, nurture them and wait for the harvest.

Portfolio Returns
Unknown. I generally buy/hold but will make changes on the rare occasions where my investment advisor makes recommendations (one does, the other doesn't).

Stages Of Life
I've had a lifelong fear of outliving my savings during retirement. How horrible to have nothing left because we are living longer. What if an illness strikes or we need expensive long term care? A lifetime of savings can quickly disappear. How horrible. This fear of poverty --- the most basic of the six fears Napoleon Hill identified --- provides a strong incentive to save, spend prudently and increase earnings. 

Best Decision
Real estate. We changed our principal residence three times during down markets. We are close to paying off our mortgage. This would give a great sense of accomplishment ... unless we move again.

Worst Decision
Trusting my first investment advisor to put my interests first. I deserved unbiased advice but got high fees and poor returns. My advisor got nice commissions and hidden incentives like cruises. Where's the sport in taking advantage of someone who know less?

Investment Hero
Probably Warren Buffett. He invests for the long term, skips fads, shares his insights and understands insurance. I favour passive over active, low MERs over high, indexes over mutual funds. 

Who can I really trust for investment principles? I have decided that's going to me and I am learning. I'm reading financial blogsand classic books like The Richest Man in Babylon. The general advice is 
  • pay yourself first: live on less than you earn
  • invest
  • never spend the invested money
  • harness the power of compound interest
My extension is to invest inside universal life where growth is tax-sheltered (like RRSPs) and savings are accessible tax-free using bank loans. We will take advantage of the Tax-Free Savings Account too. None of this is exciting but neither is a financial rollercoaster.

Links

Sunday, November 2, 2008

The Four Steps In Wealth Management

The way to wealth depends in just two words, industry and frugality. – Benjamin Franklin

There are four steps in wealth management
  1. Create wealth
  2. Grow wealth
  3. Preserve wealth
  4. Transfer wealth
Simple to say but hard to do. Reducing taxes and reducing risk helps in each step.

Create Wealth
Ability is a poor man's wealth. — John Wooden
To create wealth, you develop, apply and improve your unique skills by getting through what Seth Godin calls the dip. Easier to say but certainly doable. And well-worth doing.

What if your opportunity to create wealth gets stolen by
  • premature death
  • disability
  • a critical illness like a heart attack, cancer or stroke
Insurance maximizes your potential wealth in several ways.

Life insurance immunizes your heirs from your premature death by providing cash to repay debt such as a mortgage, cover living expenses for your family. Your business partners can use insurance on you to buy your shares so your heirs get cash and the partners get ownership of the company.

Disability insurance replaces income lost through disability. Some universal life (UL) insurance policies have a disability benefit which can pay out the cash value of your policy tax-free. You can also use the savings in permanent insurance as collateral for tax-free loans.

You can offset the financial losses from a severe illness with a critical illness insurance (see The Basics). This can take the form of a separate policy or an add-on your universal life.

Grow Wealth
The way to become rich is to put all your eggs in one basket and then watch that basket. – Andrew Carnegie
You invest your wealth to multiply your wealth. Compound returns do wonders, especially when tax-sheltered, yet most investors have
  • nonregistered investments with taxable growth
  • registered investments with temporary tax deferral until accessed
To improve results, you can reallocate a portion of your nonregistered investments into universal life. Why? For permanent or temporary tax deferral. Investment growth is tax sheltered as with an RRSP or the Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA). But you're not limited by government-mandated maximum contributions, which are inadequate for the wealthy.

Preserve Wealth
It requires a great deal of boldness and a great deal of caution to make a great fortune, and when you have it, it requires ten times as much skill to keep it. – Ralph Waldo Emerson
To preserve your wealth, you want protection from taxes and creditors. With universal life insurance, your investment growth is tax-sheltered until withdrawn. You get permanent deferral if the growth is paid out as part of the tax-free death benefit.

You can get protection against your creditors by proper structuring (see the companion Riscario wiki).

Transfer Wealth
Never forget: the secret of creating riches for oneself is to create them for others. – Sir John Templeton
You can't take your wealth with you when you die. When you transfer your legacy, why not bypass taxes, creditors and public scrutiny. Your life insurance death benefit goes directly to your beneficiaries without passing through your estate or Will. This means
  • escape from the probate fees on your estate
  • protection from the claims of creditors, if properly structured
  • privacy, since your Will becomes a public document
The tax-free insurance proceeds can be used to offset the taxes and costs at death without burdening survivors or requiring the sale of assets like a family cottage. This leaves more of your wealth intact.
Wealth is not in making money, but in making the man while he is making the money. – John Wicker
There's more to wealth than financial rewards, but the financial rewards are nice too. All the best with your voyage.

Links

Saturday, October 25, 2008

Annoying Pest Or Welcome Guest? The Do Not Call List

Cold prospecting is like coal mining. It’s dirty, filthy, ugly, smelly, sweaty work best left to people who earn minimum wage with brawn, not maximum wage with brain. --- Dan Kennedy, Magnetic Marketing

There's lots of talk about the new National Do Not Call List (DNC) in Canada. As a consumer, you're probably happy. What about advisors trying to make a living? Some are concerned. Others aren't. 

Annoying Pest

You don't want to ignore a phone call at night because it could be important. We'd get calls from fax machines calling our fax machine. We didn't have one. So they'd call back again and again thinking our machine ran out of paper.  

Office fax machines still spew garbage faxes. You pay for the paper and ink. How annoying. There was no easy way to opt out until now. On a random day, I saw 27 wasted pages.

Email spam is annoying but it's easier to filter out --- 33 messages correctly tagged today. 

Telemarketing is the second worst pest. Calls at inconvenient times. Products and services you don't want or need.

Those days are now gone (with some exceptions).

The Most Annoying Remains

There's no relief for the most annoying pest: door-to-door solicitors. Two cute kids rang our doorbell and asked us to buy popcorn to support a cause we never hear about. I took the catalog. How can you refuse? The prices were $45-$55 on the open page. Yikes! Saying no then became easy.

Welcome Guest

You can easily joing the National Do Not Call registry. Online, you enter your phone number and confirm you're a human by typing an onscreen code. Here's the surprise. You don't even need to prove the phone number is yours. If you're not getting enough telemarketing, maybe someone opted you out. An act of random kindness. 

Unintended Side Effects

Before you choose your wish
You better think first.
With every wish there comes a curse.
--- Bruce Springsteen,
With Every Wish

Old techniques like cold calling may be dead. Advisors are generally told that they cannot call on behalf of a company and if they do, they'll pay the entire fine of $16,500 per incident. Ouch! 

Suppose you're my advisor and I give you a referral. If you phone, you're telemarketing and you don't have permission. I'd have to call on your behalf or you could send them a letter. 

Businesses seek ways to encourage you to contact them. We're already smothered by advertising but expect more. From those willing to spend. 

Links

Sunday, October 19, 2008

Losing Your Livelihood: Insuring Against The Risk

But there's things that'll knock you down you don't even see coming. And send you crawling like a baby back home. --- Bruce Springsteen - When You're Alone


Insurance reduces risk and provides peace of mind. We insure our lives, our cars, our homes. What about insuring our livelihood/income/job? Companies disappear and you could be in the wrong spot. What can you do? You can make yourself more employable by improving yourself. This doesn't guarantee success but certainly improves the probabilities.

In the Harvard Business Review, Janet Banks and Diane Coutu write about How To Protect Your Job In A Recession (September 2008). They have three recommendations
  1. Act like a survivor
  2. Give your leaders hope
  3. Be a team player
Act Like A Survivor
Over the years, I had staff seeking promotions or raises because they wanted more money. Or thought they did great work. Or thought they were indispensable. Those aren't good reasons. To earn more, do more than you're paid for. This applies whether times are good or bad.

Since we see better than we think, impressions can mean more than facts. If we act like winners, we get seen as winners and can become winners. Acting like a survivor helps you survive and become a survivor. Overcoming impressions takes time, during which we can improve our skills.

The Best Tactic
Survivors look forward to the future. The best way is by focusing on your customers, anticipating their needs and then satisfying them. Your customers can be inside or outside your organization. By proving your worth, you build your future at your company --- or another.
When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves. --- Viktor Frankl
How versatile are you? If you've built and maintained portable skills, you're valuable wherever you go. You might even find the courage or opportunity to do something fresh and more rewarding. For years, I developed/launched/marketed life and health insurance products. After "harmonization" into our much larger parent company in 2005, my role became redundant. Although I had no experience outside the "ivory tower", I eagerly switched to working with advisors and clients in the field. This new role is much more satisfying because I'm helping people directly and quickly. 

Give Your Leaders Hope
"The better your relationship with your manager, the less likely you are to be cut, all things being equal. Your ability to empathize can demonstrate a maturity that is invaluable to the company, not least because it models good behavior for others." --- Harvard Business Review, Sept 2008
How true. Leaders are people too. Chopping staff is not easy. As a head office actuary, I had to cut five from my team of ten during integration with the parent. Fortunately, their strong skills helped them land new positions.

Be A Team Player
"While everyone prefers working with a personable superstar to an incompetent jerk, when people need help getting a job done, they'll choose a congenial colleague over one who is more capable but less lovable." --- Sousa Lobo, Harvard Business Review
Likable trumps capable? That's tough to accept. But true. I learned this at The University of Western Ontario in 1984. Of the seventeen graduates in actuarial science, only four of us got job offers. What a shock since grads usually got multiple job offers. Three of us were the top students and got the best offers. The fourth was average but the most likable, which grads with higher grades found "unfair". 

I just checked the actuarial directory and don't see #4 listed. He probably failed the exams that lead to an actuarial designation and quit. Being capable also matters.

Links

Monday, October 13, 2008

The Friendly Way: Remember The Milk And Everything Else

I can't forget but I don't remember what,
---
Leonard Cohen

I don't remember, I don't recall.
I got no memory of anything at all.
---
Peter Gabriel


Life gets complicated and sometimes you forget basics like getting milk. You need a system.

How To Remember Everything
In How To Never Forget Anything Again (4-Hour Workweek blog), you'll find the four essential habits for following a system
  1. Make a note immediately
  2. Use your lists and tools consistently
  3. Make usage quick and painless
  4. Archive and search instead of filing
That post lists various tools, including my favourite task manager.

The Ideal Task Manager
The ideal system for To Do lists must be
  1. inviting (i.e., easy to use)
  2. searchable
  3. accessible anywhere (online/offline, with/without a computer)
  4. automatically backed up for security
  5. sending reminders by email or text messages
  6. creating printable lists
  7. inexpensive
I've used different tools over the years. Paper is certainly available offline but where's your backup and how to you search for items? Microsoft Outlook looks ideal but has limited features and feels cumbersome. Google provides a virtual office with email, a calendar, and shared documents. But no task manager !?! 

What can we use?

Remember The Milk (RTM)
Through Lifehacker, I discovered a nifty Australian website called Remember The Milk. With that name and the drawing of a cow, you know you're going to have a nice experience. You're right. Even the font feels friendly.

Other task managers feel daunting and judgemental. When you fall behind, you feel like you're being scolded. As the unfinished tasks pile up, it's easy to get overwhelmed and give up. Not with RTM. The cow is so inviting and nonjudgemental that you feel like coming back and getting on track. 

Getting Things Done
There are many other sites that explain how to use Remember The Milk. I wanted to follow the Getting Things Done (GTD) methodology. That means transferring all current and future tasks from my head into a trusted system. RTM "supports the five GTD workflow phases (Collect, Process, Organize, Review, and Do) in a seamless, automatic way" and this article from an expert user explains how.

Key Benefits
You can access Remember The Milk in many ways. I use the website, iGoogle, Google Calendar, Blackberry and offline with Google Gears. When I think of a new task --- even if years away --- I send an email to my RTM Inbox for later categorization. I send tasks to family members and we even haved several folders of shared tasks. 

Each morning, I get an email showing the day's tasks. I sometimes printout the tasks for the upcoming week. Beautiful.

The Price Is Right
We actually didn't even have a business model until a year ago, when we figured out that working full-time, unpaid on RTM and spending all our money on hosting infrastructure for a growing service wasn't, like, the most sustainable idea ever. Whoops. --- Emily Boyd, co-founder
You know how the Internet has wacky business models? Well, Remember The Milk offers lots for free and doesn't even have ads. What good is remembering the milk without money to buy any? I upgraded to a Pro account for $25/year for thanks giving. 

Links

Saturday, October 4, 2008

Keeping Promises: Do You Care About Corporate Governance Scores?

Broken promises don't upset me. I just think, why did they believe me? 
 Jack Handy


We looked at the top life insurers by revenue, ranked by The Financial Post 500. Financial measures don't tell the whole story. This time we turn to the Globe & Mail which looks at Corporate Governance.

Corporate What?
A prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promise  Niccolo Machiavelli
A promise only matters if it's kept. Financial products and services are simply promises. How can you pick the companies most likely to keep their promises to you? You can look at how they are run. The Globe & Mail considers
  1. the composition of the board of directors
  2. shareholding and compensation
  3. shareholder rights
  4. disclosure
The "A" Dozen
A promise made is a debt unpaid  Robert Service
In financial services, only 12 companies score 80% or more in Corporate Governance
  1. Manulife (1st overall)
  2. TD (3rd)
  3. BMO (5th)
  4. RBC (5th)
  5. Sun Life (8th)
  6. TSX Group (13th)
  7. Scotiabank (18th)
  8. CIBC (18th)
  9. Industrial Alliance Group (21st)
  10. Home Capital Group (23rd)
  11. National Bank (30th)
  12. Brookfied Asset Management (45th)
Highest doesn't mean best (recall GM vs BMW) but higher means better. Here's the full list, and a summary in table at the right (click to enlarge). 

Here's the shock. Some big names don't even make the top 100!?!  Maybe Canadians don't care  or are unaware  of the immense swings.

Links